MCB2340CModule 01 Homework QuestionsAssignment ContentThis assignment contains four short answer questions. In some cases, there is a supplied list of keywords that should be used in developing your answer. You should use the knowledge gained in the readings and other assignments in this module. These are thought questions meant to help you process information that you have been exposed to in this module and if applicable, in previous modules. You are required to use outside sources and you must use proper citations to show where you obtained the information. This is an untimed assignment. You only have one opportunity to complete this assignment.Note: By starting this exam you agree to abide by the Academic Misconduct Policy set forth in the course syllabus. You acknowledge that your failure to do so could result in being expelled from the course.Question 1Define the word ubiquitous, and provide examples showing why this is an appropriate term to use when describing microbes.Question 2You are a researcher researching Zika virus, a mosquito-borne pathogen. The number of cases of Zika have skyrocketed over the past few months and the weather service has recorded the data showing that this summer has been the wettest in the past 50 years. Using the scientific method, develop a sound hypothesis explaining the increase in disease cases and a method for testing this hypothesis.Question 3Humans have learned through history how to use the abilities of microbes to their advantage. Considering ways that we use them (not how they naturally have become part of our microflora), describe 3 methods used in the environment, industry, and in our daily lives.ReferencesHouhoula, Joseph. “Role of Microorganisms in Food Preservation.” J Food Ind Microbiol 8 (2022): 241Question 4Describe the personal protective equipment you use in the laboratory and why it is necessary. Include procedures you use to protect both yourself and the microbe from contamination.MCB2340CModule 02 Homework QuestionsAssignment ContentThis assignment contains four short answer questions. In some cases, there is a supplied list of keywords that should be used in developing your answer. You should use the knowledge gained in the readings and other assignments in this module. These are thought questions meant to help you process information that you have been exposed to in this module and if applicable, in previous modules. You are required to use outside sources and you must use proper citations to show where you obtained the information. This is an untimed assignment. You only have one opportunity to complete this assignment.Note: By starting this exam you agree to abide by the Academic Misconduct Policy set forth in the course syllabus. You acknowledge that your failure to do so could result in being expelled from the course.Question 1We know fungi are eukaryotic (have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles). Explain three unique ways fungi are different from other microbes (algae, protozoans, bacteria and archaea). Compare things like cell walls, cell membranes, morphology, reproduction, life cycles. (Words to use in your answer include chitin, cellulose, peptidoglycan, pseudopeptidoglycan, ergosterol, hopanoids, cholesterol,mycelium, hyphae, multinucleate, multicellular, unicellular, nutritional needs, environmental needs, chemoheterotrophy, saprobes, parasites, free-living, reproductive strategies, spores).Your AnswerQuestion 2Algae and protozoans are loosely grouped together as protists and are different from plants because they lack certain characteristics of plants. Explain what differentiates algae from plants and two ways they are different from protozoans. Talk about algae being part of our environment and how algae may positively or negatively impact our health or the environment.(Words to use in your answer: cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplast, plankton, single-cell, multicellular, red tide, toxins, agar, phytoplankton, reproduction, motility, nutrition, feeding strategies)Your AnswerQuestion 3Discuss the similarities and differences between animal and bacterial virus multiplication.(Words/concepts to include in your answer: attachment, adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, persistence, lysogeny, latency, release)Your AnswerQuestion 4Based upon data from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), define microbial antagonism and discuss how the various microbial populations keep each other “in check” with consequences for human health.Your AnswerMCB2340CModule 03 Homework Questions4 OF 4 QUESTIONS REMAININGTop of FormBottom of FormModule 03 ContentTop of FormThis assignment contains four short answer questions. In some cases, there is a supplied list of keywords that should be used in developing your answer. You should use the knowledge gained in the readings and other assignments in this module. These are thought questions meant to help you process information that you have been exposed to in this module and if applicable, in previous modules. You are required to use outside sources and you must use proper citations to show where you obtained the information. This is an untimed assignment. You only have one opportunity to complete this assignment.Note: By starting this exam you agree to abide by the Academic Misconduct Policy set forth in the course syllabus. You acknowledge that your failure to do so could result in being expelled from the course.Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 14 PointsCompare aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation. How are the processes similar? How are they different? How do these processes determine which environment the organism can live in?Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 24 PointsUsing your knowledge of DNA recombination events to complete the following:Propose two ways in which antibiotic resistance may develop in a bacteriumDescribe how bacterial cells acquire the ability to produce toxins(Use the following terminology in your answer: recombination, DNA, horizontal gene transfer, conjugation, transformation, transduction, pilus, F factor, transposable elements, transposons, pathogenicity islands)Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 34 PointsDiscuss how a pathogen causes an infection. Include definitions for primary pathogen, opportunistic pathogen, infection, disease (caused by a living organism), and various stages of pathogenesis. You can choose a specific organism to describe (like Orthomyxovirus and Influenza) or discuss a generalized infection.Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 44 PointsDescribe each type of infection in the following list and include the mode of transmission in each scenario. Use terms such as primary, secondary, healthcare-associated, STI, mixed, latent, toxemia, chronic, zoonotic, asymptomatic, local, and systemic to describe the types of infections (more than one term may apply, some may not apply to these conditions)1) The development of Pneumocystisis pneumonia in an AIDS patient2) Salmonellosis3) Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome infection acquired while vacationing in a log cabinMCB2340CModule 04 Homework Questions4 OF 4 QUESTIONS REMAININGTop of FormBottom of FormModule 04 ContentTop of FormThis assignment contains four short answer questions. In some cases, there is a supplied list of keywords that should be used in developing your answer. You should use the knowledge gained in the readings and other assignments in this module. These are thought questions meant to help you process information that you have been exposed to in this module and if applicable, in previous modules. You are required to use outside sources and you must use proper citations to show where you obtained the information. This is an untimed assignment. You only have one opportunity to complete this assignment.Note: By starting this exam you agree to abide by the Academic Misconduct Policy set forth in the course syllabus. You acknowledge that your failure to do so could result in being expelled from the course.Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 14 PointsYou are interested in obtaining Staphylococcus aureus for a study investigating the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the general population. You have received several samples and are ready to start your isolation procedures. Describe the personal protective equipment that would be needed and three different culturing techniques that can be used to obtain organisms to produce pure cultures. State if you use general or selective media and which specific media you would choose. How would you determine if the culture was contaminated? What is the first step you would take if you detected contamination?Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 24 PointsExplain the different stages of syphilis. (Terminology/topics to include: causative organism (morphology, gram-stain reaction), mode of transmission, chancre, gumma, symptoms, likelihood of infection, treatment options at different stages, damage that can occur during different stages, prevention methods).Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 34 PointsList three protozoan infections of the circulatory system that are transmitted by arthropods. Include the disease name, specific organism (genus species), vector that is the intermediate between hosts, and disease progress in humans.Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 44 PointsMany types of fruits and vegetables can be fermented into alcoholic beverages. Such was the case recently when prisoners in Utah attempted to make an illegal beverage called “pruno”; however, someone added a weeks-old baked potato to the mix, letting a microbe into the party who was clearly uninvited. Consumers of the pruno began to develop difficulty swallowing, vomiting, double vision, and muscle weakness; three required ventilation therapy. No deaths were attributed to the contaminated beverage.A) What nervous system disease were the prisoners suffering from, and what was the specific organism involved?B) Based on your knowledge of this disease, what form of treatment was used to successfully avoid the worst outcomes of the disease in these patients?Bottom of FormAdditional contentMCB2340CModule 05 Homework Questions4 OF 4 QUESTIONS REMAININGTop of FormBottom of FormModule 05 ContentTop of FormThis assignment contains four short answer questions. In some cases, there is a supplied list of keywords that should be used in developing your answer. You should use the knowledge gained in the readings and other assignments in this module. These are thought questions meant to help you process information that you have been exposed to in this module and if applicable, in previous modules. You are required to use outside sources and you must use proper citations to show where you obtained the information. This is an untimed assignment. You only have one opportunity to complete this assignment.Note: By starting this exam you agree to abide by the Academic Misconduct Policy set forth in the course syllabus. You acknowledge that your failure to do so could result in being expelled from the course.Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 14 PointsHIV predominantly infects T-helper cells, cells that are responsible for coordinating B- and T-cell activity. Based on this information, explain why HIV-infected individuals are at a very high risk for developing microbial infections. List the causative agent (virus) and discuss its properties. Name and briefly discuss 3 diseases that AIDS patients are more likely to contract.(Terminology to use: opportunistic pathogens, T and B cell purposes, CD4 cells, retrovirus, reverse transcription)Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 24 PointsNow that we have studied the various types of vaccines, consider the current resurgence of diseases like the measles. How can we convince the general public and possibly even ourselves, that immunization is a necessary preventative measure for diseases that have serious complications? Is there a different schedule that we should consider? Are some forms of vaccines safer than others? Should we spread out the inoculation schedule to prevent confusion of a young person? (Include terms such as live attenuated, killed or inactive, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, complications of measles, risks to others if uninoculated, risks to individuals that do get inoculated). You are encouraged to use your text and outside sources to develop your informed answer. Use facts and concepts.Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 34 PointsConstruct a paragraph or two describing the interrelationship among a bacterial pathogen, the affected host, and potential antimicrobial drugs in the development of an appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Pick a pathogen, suggest tests that should be performed on that pathogen to determine the specific drugs and give reasons why they would be appropriate. (Terminology to incorporate: narrow-spectrum, broad-spectrum, MIC, Kirby-Bauer, therapeutic index, selective toxicity, drug mechanism)Bottom of FormTop of FormQuestion 44 PointsConduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence to support your stance.MCB2340CModule 06 Homework Questions1 OF 1 QUESTIONS REMAININGModule 06 ContentThis assignment contains one short essay question. You should use the knowledge gained in the readings and other assignments in this module. This is a thought questions meant to help you process information that you have been exposed to in this module and if applicable, in previous modules. You are required to use outside sources and you must use proper citations to show where you obtained the information. This is an untimed assignment. This assignment contains one short essay question. You should use the knowledge gained in the readings and other assignments in this module. This is a thought questions meant to help you process information that you have been exposed to in this module and if applicable, in previous modules. You are encouraged to use outside sources, but you must use citations to show where you obtained the information. This is an untimed assignment. You only have one opportunity to complete this assignment.Reading one of the following articles before starting this quiz can help you with your answer.Will Nanotechnology Bring New Hope for Gene Delivery? Wong, Joanna KL; Mohseni, Rashin; Amir Ali Hamidieh; MacLaren, Robert E; Nagy, Habib; et al. Trends in Biotechnology; Oxford Vol. 35, Iss. 5, (May 1, 2017): 434-451. DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.12.009Application of nanotechnology in plant growth and crop protection: A review. Molecules, 24(14), 2558. Shang, Y., Hasan, M. K., Ahammed, G. J., Li, M., Yin, H., & Zhou, J. (2019).Bacteria take on cancer: Autonomous living microbots that seek and destroy cancer are not as futuristic as one might imagine, thanks to the fusion of robotics and synthetic biology. Schuerle, S., & Danino, T. (2020). Scientist, 34(4), 30-39.Note: By starting this exam you agree to abide by the Academic Misconduct Policy set forth in the course syllabus. You acknowledge that your failure to do so could result in being expelled from the course.Question 115 PointsGenetic information has become part of our culture and it is difficult to tell the difference between unmodified and genetically modified food sources such as plant and animals. After reading this module’s material regarding vectors in biotechnology, consider the potential for nanotechnology and scientific advancement.Research nanotechnology and its potential use in biotechnology. In one or two paragraphs, explain the potential advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology in health care, agriculture, or industry and discuss whether you would or would not support further research.Bottom of Form
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