course name (bioethics)Please solve the exercise in all five paragraphs as requiredI hope that the solution is not copy-paste and that it is not copied from any siteCase Analysis and Reflection Exercise (CARE)You are required to read the scenarios carefully and write on the following three aspects.a) Describe the ethical dilemma in the given situation (in 60 w.o.rds)b) What action would you choose in the given situation? (in 60 w.ords)c) Explain the reason for your answer describing the theory of moral reasoning. (in 60 w.ords)(*It is noteworthy that many situations in ethics does not have one right or wrong answer, so you can suggest more than one action and the moral reasoning behind each action).Exercise-4 (4 marks)Title: Autonomy and Informed Consent(In all these case scenarios, certain principles/aspects of bioethics, especially related to the principle of autonomy and respect are applicable, so, you need to identify those aspects and then write your answers).1. An elderly male patient, aged 80 years, fully conscious and competent, is suffering from an advanced incurable cancer and needs palliative chemotherapy. The family objected when the doctor wanted to obtain informed consent from the patient because that would involve disclosing the diagnosis, which would be detrimental for patient’s health and would make the patient very sad and depressed, the family thought. The family wanted to make the decision without informing the patient.Analyse the situation keeping yourself in the place of the treating doctor and answer the following:a) Describe the ethical dilemma in the given situation.b) What action would you choose?c) Explain the reason for your answer describing the theory of moral reasoning.2. A 30-year-old woman presented with classical signs of acute appendicitis. She consented to an operation to open the abdomen and remove the inflamed appendix. During the surgery, the surgeon found a previously undiagnosed ovarian cyst and decided to remove it. The surgeon thought that the removal of the cyst is a simple and safe procedure and would not increase the duration of the operation much. The cyst may get enlarged and may bring trouble to the patient in future, the surgeon thought.Analyse the situation keeping yourself in the place of the operating surgeon and answer the following:a) Describe the ethical dilemma in the given situation.b) What action would you choose?c) Explain the reason for your answer describing the theory of moral reasoning.3. A young neurosurgeon planned to operate on a patient with lumbar spinal injury that had a 5 – 10% chance of success. He felt uncertain about taking informed consent. If he informed the patient that the operation could go wrong and result in paraplegia, there is a strong chance that the patient would refuse the operation. If the operation was not carried out, there was a 95% chance of further deterioration, leading to paraplegia after a few months.Analyse the situation keeping yourself in the place of the treating doctor and answer the following:a) Describe the ethical dilemma in the given situation.b) What action would you choose?c) Explain the reason for your answer describing the theory of moral reasoning.4. A complex brain operation had a 3-p.a.ge risk disclosure sheet. The surgeon determined that his poorly educated patient could not understand the information even with the best of translations and might even refuse the life-saving operation. The operation was necessary to release a hematoma and a fractured bone fragment putting pressure on the cerebrum, which would soon lead to loss of consciousness due to increased intracranial pressure. He just explained the benefits of the surgery to the patient in simple language but did not reveal the risks involved, thinking that the patient might refuse for surgery.Analyse the situation keeping yourself in the place of the treating doctor and answer the following:a) Describe the ethical dilemma in the given situation.b) What action would you choose?c) Explain the reason for your answer describing the theory of moral reasoning.5. A university professor admitted for stroke was saved after instituting life saving measures. He needs further treatment otherwise, he would deteriorate, but he is refusing further treatment even after a thorough explanation by his adult son, While, in the hospital, he seemed to forget essential information about his illness, forgot his age and his wife’s name, and was confused about the day of the week. However, he was in continuous telephone contact with his laboratory at the university, guiding the young researchers. The treating doctor is confused about the mental status of the patient.Analyse the situation keeping yourself in the place of the treating doctor and answer the following:a) Describe the ethical dilemma in the given situation.b) What action would you choose?c) Explain the reason for your answer describing the theory of moral reasoning.
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